Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Boiled Green Beans and Leaves from Chilean Phaseolus vulgaris.

The tender green pods of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are marketed fresh, frozen or canned. The main bean accessions cultivated for green pods in central Chile are Arroz, Magnum, Peumo and the introduced Malibú. Little is known about the identity of phenolics in the processed pods or in the boiled bean leaves. Raw leaves from Chilean bean landraces showed a strong inhibition towards the enzyme α-glucosidase, associated with flavonoids and caffeoyl malic acid content. The aim of this work was to assess the phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and activity towards α-glucosidase of boiled leaves and green pods from selected bean landraces. The study was performed with four green pods samples and six leaf accessions, respectively. The leaves included the continuous growth bean Ñuño (red seed and black seed). Antioxidant capacity and inhibition of α-glucosidase were measured. The main phenolics were identified by comparison with standards and were quantified using calibration curves. The extracts of most boiled green pods inhibited α-glucosidase while the leaves were inactive. The content of phenolics in the boiled pods is low, with rutin and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide as the main constituents. In boiled leaves, the main phenolics were quercetin 3-O-glucuronide and kaempferol 3-O-glucuronide. The main flavonoids and caffeoyl malic acid in leaves decreased after boiling. Boiling affected the phenolic profile, reducing antioxidant capacity and glucosidase inhibition, highlighting the importance of characterizing foods as they are ingested.

Effect of the antioxidants composition in diet on the sensory and physical properties of frozen farmed Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).

BACKGROUND: Great attention has been paid to the antioxidants present in farmed fish feeds, with the replacement of synthetic antioxidants by natural ones being a main objective. In the present study, Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was fed a conventional diet that was enriched with different kinds of antioxidants: synthetic antioxidants (butylated-hydroxy toluene and ethoxyquin; diet I), a tocopherols-rich mixture (diet II) and a tocopherols-rosemary extract mixture (diet III). A comparative study of the sensory and physical changes observed in the corresponding frozen products was undertaken. RESULTS: After 18 months at -18 °C, fish previously fed on diet I showed higher putrid and rancid odours and rancid taste scores, while lower mean typical odour and taste values were attained. Dripping and expressible moisture values obtained for diet II-fish were lower when compared with their counterparts belonging to the diet I; additionally, microstructure analysis revealed that Z-lines integration was better preserved in fish corresponding to diets II and III. CONCLUSION: Diet II has been recognised as being the most profitable to be employed to maintain the sensory and physical properties of the frozen product when long-term storage is considered. Further research is to be continued to optimise the natural antioxidants profile.

Síndrome autoinmune poliglandular tipo II: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Autoinmune polyglandular syndrome type II: a case report and review of literature

El síndrome autoinmune poliglandular (SAP) corresponde a una infrecuente entidad clínica que se reconoce por el compromiso de dos o más glándulas endocrinas basados en mecanismos autoinmunes, siendo posible además la afectación de órganos no endocrinos por esta misma causa. Debido a esto último el término síndrome autoinmune "poliendocrino", antes utilizado frecuentemente, ya no es completamente aceptado para referirse a esta patología. Actualmente existen dos grupos clásicos (SAP tipo I y tipo II) los cuales se clasifican de acuerdo a la edad de presentación de la enfermedad, combinaciones características de órganos comprometidos y patrón hereditario, entre otros. Además se describen otros dos grupos de menor importancia clínica llamados SAP tipo III y IV. A continuación se presenta un caso clínico pediátrico de SAP tipo II diagnosticado en el Hospital Herminda Martín de Chillán y una revisión actualizada de la literatura correspondiente.